[Effect of exercises downhill and uphill running on serum adiponectin and glucose in type-2 diabetic patients]

Adiponectin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone. Low levels of Adiponectin may indicate the insulin resistance and development of diabetes. The regular exercise therapy induces insulin resistance to be reduced. Glucose uptake increase in muscles, increased adiponectin levels and decreased of HbA[1]c in diabetic patients. This study was designed to evaluated the effect of down-hill and up-hill running exercises on the adiponectin and serum glucose in type-2 diabetic patients. This clinical trial study was conducted on 28 patients [13 male and 15 female], age 40 to 60 years, with type-2 diabetes, in neuromuscular rehabilitation research center, Semnan, Iran during 2009. Participants were assigned randomly in one of the two experimental groups, eccentric or concentric exercise using treadmill. Before and after control and intervention period, glucose, HbA[1]c and adiponectin serum were measured in both groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS-18, Kolmogorov- Smirnov, Repeated Measures ANOVA, Tukey and independent t tests. Eccentric and concentric exercise significantly decreased glucose, HbA[1]c and also increased adiponectin levels [P<0.05] in type-2 diabetic patients. However, eccentric exercise also significantly reduced glucose and HbA[1]c and increased adiponectin levels compared to the concentric exercise [P<0.05]. This study showed that eccentric exercise are more effective than concentric exercise to reduce and control the blood glucose level and improve serum adiponectin in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients

Influenza A [H1N1] virus pandemic in Fars Province: a report from southern Iran, July-December 2009

Influenza type A [H1N1] virus is considered as a major concern for health care system all over the world and imposes a considerable burden on the community. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of the disease in order to help health administrators in making decision for preventive measures. 297 definite cases of influenza A [H1N1] diagnosed from 15 July to 3 December 2009 in Fars province, south of Iran, were included in this study. Diagnosis was confirmed performing Real time-PCR. The patients' information including age, gender, occupation, nationality, education, residency area and history of overseas or domestic travel, history of contact with other influenza patients, and symptoms were collected and analyzed. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 24.4 +/- 15.8 years. 76 [25.6%] patients were admitted in the hospitals, of whom, 11 cases died due to related influenza complications with Case Fatality Ratio [CFR] of 4.4%. The most common reported symptoms were fever, cough and sore throat. There were two waves in the disease incidence, one about 1 month after emergence of the disease and another around 1 month after school openings. The first peak was observed mainly among adults with a history of foreign travel while the second peak was mainly observed among school students. The magnitude of the epidemic was much higher when the disease was transmitted between students at the beginning of the school year. Considering the high incidence of H1N1 flu among the students [41%], vaccination programs and preventive measures should target this age group

[Survey of optimal methods for the control of cockroaches in sewers of Qom city]

Domestic sewers and wastewater treatment plants are suitable places for the growth of some types of Cockroaches. Annually the water and wastewater company of Qom city make considerable attempts to overwhelm the problem. The current study is aimed to determine types of Cockroaches and select the optimal methods for their control. In this study, 120 manholes are selected in different locations of Qom city, the numbers of Cockroaches are counted and the Cockroaches are classified into different groups. Then, each group are faced to different insecticides Including Simperator, Diazinon, Dursban Ec, Faikam, Sipermetrin, Icon, Deltametrina and Sulfac. One group of manholes was considered as blank sample during one month. Counting and determination of Cockroaches in these manholes conducted before using insecticides and also five months after it. the study showed that all sewers were 100% polluted by Cockroaches. The number of Cockroaches in manholes range from minimum 4 to maximum 3600 in each manhole. The applied of insecticides including Dursban Ec, Simperator, Sulfac, Dursban, and Deltametrina are used 2 gr in 100 square meter of area of each sewer. The Cockroaches population reduced to approximately zero after application of these insecticides. Spraying sewers by Simperator controlled 100% of Cockroaches. the most effective method for the control of Cockroaches was usage of 2 gr of Dursban [Ec] in squaremeter of area in the beginning of warmseason.If we use 1-1/5months interval between the time of spraying insecticide in selected wells, with using simperator and dursban [Ec] we can overwhelm Cockroaches using Simperator and Dursban Ec. The results of statistical analysis show that reduction of number of coackroaches in one month after using poison is significant [P-value<0.05]. But after 5months it lose meaningful in all of them.Also, reduction of number of coackroaches in blank manholes was not statistically significant

prevalence of Pediculus capitis among school children in Fars province, southern Iran

Pediculus capitis or head louse infestation affects millions of children worldwide, especially those in the 5-11 years age group. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of head pediculosis among school children in urban and rural areas of Fars Province, southern Iran. All school children of age 6-11 yr from both genders in all urban and rural areas of the province were screened for head louse infestation by examination of their hair and scalps. Parents of all infested children were also examined. The study was repeated in different seasons in the same areas. Moreover, infested children were treated with 5% permethrin shampoo and re-examined one week later for any relapse. The general prevalence of head louse infestation in primary school students was 0.49% in autumn, 0.37% in winter and 0.20% in spring. In the mentioned seasons, the prevalence of P. capitis was higher among females and in rural areas [P=0.001]. Although treatment with permethrin shampoo failed in females, it was successful in all infected males from both regions in autumn and spring and in males from urban areas in winter. Head louse infestation is uncommon among Fars Province school children in rural and urban areas and should not be considered a public health priority. However, due to the higher prevalence of pediculosis in low socioeconomic group and rural area in our region, it seems that health promotion, particularly early detection and effective management strategies should target this group in the province

12-years surveillance of poliomyelitis and acute flaccid paralysis in Fars Province, Southern Iran

Following the widespread use of poliovirus vaccine in the mid-1950s, the incidence of poliomyelitis declined rapidly in many industrialized countries. The aim of this study was to determine the surveillance of poliomyelitis and acute flaccid paralysis [AFP] in Fars Province, southern Iran to detect poliovirus wherever it may circulate. From 1995 to 2006, in a cross-sectional study, all patients over 15 years of age with flaccid paralysis in Fars Province of Iran were enrolled. The surveillance medical officers visited every AFP case, took clinical histories, and performed clinical examinations. Two stool samples were collected from each reported case within 14 days of the onset of paralysis and sent to WHO-accredited laboratories for poliovirus isolation and intra-typic differentiation. AFP cases from which stool sample of wild poliovirus was isolated were classified as confirmed poliomyelitis. Those AFP cases whose cultures for poliovirus were negative were referred to an expert panel. Whenever possible, nerve conduction velocity tests, electromyography, and other diagnostic modalities such as brain and vertebral MRI were performed along with a detailed neurological examination at least three weeks after the onset of paralysis. The non-polio AFP rate was 227 [mean: 18.91 per year]. Only one case of poliomyelitis was reported in the first year of surveillance. Other 226 cases had non-polio AFP. The most common cause of paralysis among these patients was Guillain-Barre syndrome [66%]. The non-polio AFP rate is almost in agreement with the estimated incidence of AFP in the population aged 0-15 years worldwide. Routine coverage with three doses of OPV with supplementary immunization activities has reportedly reached over 95% of all target children. The existing system must be closely monitored and actively supported to maintain and constantly improve performance

[Comparison between bobath inhibitory technique with electrical stimulation and bobath inhibitory technique alone on spastic patients]

Spasticity is one the signs of upper motor neuron injuries. Spasticity is as inter ventional factor result in gait, posture and function difficulties. There are different methods to reduce spasticity such as drug therapy, physical therapy, etc. The physical therapists use bobath inhibitory technipues for decreasing spasticity. The relatively new method in treatment of patients with spasticity is electrical stimulation. There are a controversy in results of studies that evaluate the effects of electrical stimulation on spasticity. The purpose of present study is a comparison between bobath technique with electrical stimulation and bobath technique alone on spastic patients. Fourty patients with upper motor lesion who had spasticity in lower extremities participated in the study. The subjects divided into two groups. Group A was received bobath technique with electrical stimulation and group B received only bobath technique. Before and after intervension, the spasticity assessment was performed by measurement of passive dorsiflexion range of motion, Tibialis anterior strength and Gastrocneminus tone with Ashworth scale and H-reflex. The results of this study indicated that the improvement induced by both methods were statistically significant for all parameters measured [p=0.000]. In group A, increasing passive dorsi flexion range of motion and decreasing Gastrocnemius tone was greater than group B. These differentes were statiscally significant [p=0/001]. However, there was no significant difference between two groups with respect to tibialis anterior strength increase and H-reflex activity decrease. To decrease Gastrocnemius tonicity and increase passive dorsi flexion range of motion, bobath inhibitory with electrical stimulation was more effective than inhibitory technique alone

[ effect of inspiratory muscle training method on the vital capacity]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of special exercises training protocol of the inspiratory muscles on the vital capacity. 62 normal subjects' female students without any respiratory disease history participated in the study. At first, all subjects participated in a familiarization session to learn a correct pattern of ventilation and then the vital capacity was measured by spirometer. The vital capacity [VC] and%80 of maximum voluntary contraction [MVC] force of inspiratory muscles were assessed and monitored by computerized spirometry machine to the subjects .The subjects were randomly assigned in two control [n=30] and experimental [n=32] groups. Subjects in the experimental group were asked to perform a daily inspiratory exercise protocol including 6 inspiration muscle contraction [using%80 of MVC]. Each contraction was separated with a rest time from the next contraction. The first rest time was 60 seconds and second rest time was 45 second and so on 30, 15, 10 seconds. The control group did not performance any other form of exercises. The VC was recorded at the end of each week in both groups and compared to the base line by paired t Test. The results revealed that there are significant increase in the VC at the end of the fifth week [P<0.001] and tenth week [P<0.001] in the experimental group while no significant change was found in the control group. These findings show that the average changes of vital capacity in end of 10 weeks increased significantly in inspiratory muscle training group rather than control group. Inspiratory muscle training is a suitable method to increase the ventilation vital capacity and further study is needed to investigate the stability of the increased VC by this method and also the effect of this inspiratory training method on the patient with respiratory disease

effective parameters on the patient satisfaction level of the referral patients to the out-patient physiotherapy clinics of the Semnan medical sciences university [second half of the year 2001]

The importance of the patient satisfaction [PS] has an effective role in the health management programing. In order to evaluate PS in the physiotherapy clinics of the Semnan Medical Sciences University, the present study has been designed. The satisfaction level of 400 referral patients [69% female and 31% male] to the physiotherapy clinics of the Rehabilitation Faculty was evaluated by the st and ard questionnaire during the year 1380 [second half]. The Chi-Square test was used to evaluate the PS level according to the different field of the satisfaction and patient's characteristics. Descriptive analysis was also used to express the PS level according to the patient's characteristics. The total PS was%17 for absolute satisfaction,%69.2 for relative satisfaction and%13.8 for non-satisfaction. Highest absolute satisfaction level [%51.5] was in the considering privacy aspect, while the lowest of absolute PS level [%24.1] was found in the programming and timming of treatment field [P<0.05]. The level of non-satisfaction increased significantly in lower age groups of patients [P<0.05]. The unemployed patients and the patients with the previous experience showed highest level of non-satisfaction level [P<.05]. According to our data, the PS level may change, according to the different aspects of satisfaction. By considering these results in the strategic planning may take an important step towards the optimal use of services, while the re-evaluation is necessary to find the effects of the new plans on the improving of the PS level

Incidence of hearing disorders in fifth-year primary school students of Semnan in the academic year 2002-2003

Congenital or acquired hearing disorders may cause conductive or sensory-neural low hearing. In addition, non-sufficient development of Eustachian tube and mastoid cells old may cause conductive hearing disorders in children under 12 years old. Thus, performing hearing screening studies in this range of ages may help us to identify the children with hearing disorders. By detecting the type of hearing disorders, it is possible to help these children in their learning procedure. By considering these, the present study has been designed to investigate the hearing conditions in the primary school children [fifth level] of Semnan city. In order to determine the prevalence of hearing impairment in primary school children [fifth level], this study of 2081 children was performed in two stages. In the first stage, these children were screened by otoscopy, pure tone audiometry [three frequencies of 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz at 20 dB]. In the next stage, the suspected students with hearing loss referred to the audiometry clinic to undergo a complete tests including; 1] speech audiometric tests, 2] audiometric tests with frequencies of 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 Hz, and 3] tympanometry tests to determine the type of hearing loss. The results indicate 6.9% of impacted cerumen, 17.9% of slight cerumen, 3.6% of tympanic disorder and 4.1% of hearing loss among the fifth-level students, with significantly higher hearing loss in the south area compared to the other area [P<0.05]. The percentage of impacted cerumen was twice in the student girls, compared to the boys [P<0.05], while the percentage of observed tympani disorder was five times in the boys compared to the girls [P<0.01]. No difference was seen between boys and girls students in term of observed hearing loss. The obtained results showed the presence of impact cerumen, tympani disorder and hearing loss in the fifth level primary school children which indicate the importance of performing such a screening studies and also planning the health training programs for preventive care of hearing loss in the school and family

[66Ga] oxine complex; preparation and stability as a possible PET radiopharmaceutical

Gallium-66 [T1/2= 9.49 h] is an interesting radionuclide that has potential for positron emission tomography [PET] imaging of biological processes in intermediate to slow target tissue uptake. Oxine has been labeled with this radioisotope in the form of [66Ga]gallium chloride for its possible diagnostic properties. Materials and methods: 66Ga was produced in the 30 MeV cyclotron [Cyclon-30, IBA] via the 66Zn[p,n]66Ga reaction.TLC was performed on polymer backed silica gel. A Gamma spectrometer HPGe detector was used for countings. After the bombardment, the production yield was 11.2 mCi/ m Ah. The [66Ga]Oxine complex was obtained at the pH=5 in phosphate buffer medium at 37°C in 10 minutes. Radio-TLC showed an overall radiochemical yield of 97% [radiochemical purity > 98%]. The chemical stability of the complex was checked in vitro with a specific activity of 896 mCi/ml. [66Ga]oxine can be used in diagnostic studies due to its suitable physico-chemical properties both in vitro and in vivo